摘 要

本文研究了不同施肥处理与耕作方式组合的废弃地复垦措施对复垦土壤养分含量、土壤酶活性的影响，耕作方式分为翻耕（C）和免耕（N），施肥处理分别为对照（CK），化肥（X1），秸秆 化肥（X2），有机肥 化肥（X3），化肥 秸秆 有机肥（X4），化肥 秸秆 腐熟剂（X5），共12个废弃地复垦措施，主要研究结果如下：

1. 实验结果表明，废弃地复垦措施中施肥能提高复垦土壤中养分含量，在翻耕与免耕的耕作方式下，各施肥处理相比CK土壤全氮含量分别提高了0.02-0.3g/kg、0.03-0.42g/kg，土壤碱解氮含量提高了12.10-39.23mg/kg、除X1处理外，其余处理均能提高土壤全磷含量，土壤全磷含量提高了0.06-0.19g/kg、0.08-0.26g/kg，土壤有效磷含量提高了1.39-4.66mg/kg、3.28-8.11mg/kg，土壤全钾含量提高了0.01-2.92g/kg、0.06-3.12g/kg，土壤有效钾含量提高了6.97-33.84mg/kg、8.35-50.88mg/kg。秸秆 化肥、有机肥 化肥处理复垦土壤养分含量均高于化肥处理，秸秆 化肥 腐熟剂处理复垦土壤全钾、有效钾含量最高，秸秆 化肥 有机肥处理土壤全氮、碱解氮、全磷、有效磷含量最高。免耕各施肥处理复垦土壤养分含量平均值大于翻耕。
2. 各废弃地复垦措施土壤酶活性在夏季最大，冬季最小，各复垦措施土壤脲酶、蔗糖酶、过氧化氢酶、纤维素酶、中性磷酸酶活性平均值夏季比冬季高出了107.7%、52.32%、27.58%、197.65%、103.95%，施肥能提高复垦土壤酶活性，同一耕作方式下，土壤脲酶、蔗糖酶、过氧化氢酶、中性磷酸酶活性的排序为X4＞X5＞X3＞X2＞X1＞CK，土壤纤维素酶活性排序为X5＞X4＞X2＞X3＞X1＞CK，同一施肥处理下，免耕耕作方式土壤酶活性要高于翻耕。
3. 通过主成分分析结果可知，土壤综合肥力以NX4、NX5废弃地复垦措施较高，土壤综合肥力得分为1.265、1.048，排在前两位，其中NX4复垦措施的土壤综合肥力得分最高，排在第一位，证明NX4是最能提高复垦土壤肥力的废弃地复垦措施。

关键词：废弃地复垦；土壤养分含量；土壤酶活性；

Effects of reclamation measures on soil nutrients and biological activities in abandoned land

Abstract

Different fertilizer treatments and farming methods were studied with the combination of farming land reclamation measures on reclaimed soil nutrient content, enzyme activity and microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen, microbial entropy and the influence of the number of microorganisms, farming methods are divided into convention tillage(C) and no-tillage(N), fertilizer treatments include no fertilizer(CK), chemical fertilizers (X1), straw chemical fertilizer (X2), organic fertilizer fertilizer (X3), chemical fertilizer organic fertilizer straw (X4), chemical fertilizers straw rotten straw agent (X5), a total of 12 land reclamation measures, the main results were as follows:

（1）The experimental results show that the land reclamation measures of fertilization can enhance reclamation soil nutrient content, under the ploughing and no-till farming methods, different fertilization treatment compared with the CK soil total nitrogen content were increased 0.02-0.3 g/kg, 0.03-0.42 g/kg, soil alkali-hydrolysable nitrogen content increased 12.10 39.23 mg/kg, in addition to the X1 processing, the processing can improve the soil total phosphorus content, soil total phosphorus content increased 0.06-0.19 g/kg, 0.08-0.26 g/kg,Soil available p content increased by 1.39-4.66mg/kg, 3.28-8.11mg/kg, soil total k content increased by 0.01-2.92g/kg, 0.06-3.12g/kg, soil available k content increased by 6.97-33.84mg/kg, 8.35-50.88mg/kg.The nutrient contents in the reclaimed soil under straw fertilizer and organic fertilizer fertilizer treatment were all higher than those under fertilizer treatment. The total potassium and available potassium contents in the reclaimed soil under straw fertilizer ripening agent treatment were the highest, and the total nitrogen, alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen, total phosphorus and available phosphorus contents in the soil under straw fertilizer organic fertilizer treatment were the highest.The average value of soil nutrient content in no-tillage treatment was higher than that in tillage treatment.

（2）The soil enzyme activity in the summer's biggest land reclamation measures, winter minimum, the reclamation measures of soil urease, invertase and catalase, cellulose enzyme, neutral phosphatase activity of the average 107.7% higher than that of the summer than in winter, 52.32%, 27.58%, 197.65%, 103.95%, fertilization can increase reclamation soil enzyme activity, under the same farming, soil urease, invertase and catalase, neutral phosphatase activity sequencing for X4 gt; X5 gt; X3 gt; X2 gt; X1 gt; CK.The sequence of soil cellulase activity was X5 gt; X4 gt; X2 gt; X3 gt; X1 gt; CK. Under the same fertilization treatment, the soil enzyme activity of no-till tillage was higher than that of tillage.

（3）Through the principal component analysis result shows that soil comprehensive fertility to NX4, high NX5 land reclamation measures, soil comprehensive fertility score was 1.265, 1.048, in the top two, including NX4 reclamation measures of soil integrated fertility, the highest scores in the first place, prove NX4 is most can improve the reclamation land reclamation measures of soil fertility.

Key words：reclamation measures on abandoned land; soil nutrient content; soil enzyme

activity;

目录

1绪论 1

1.1研究目的及意义 1

1.2国内外研究进展 2

1.2.1有机肥对废弃复垦地土壤性状的影响 2

1.2.2秸秆还田措施对废弃复垦地土壤性状的影响 3

2研究区概况及研究方法 1