摘 要

昆山亭林园位于江苏昆山市内西北隅。亭林园主要植被类型有4个植被型组、8个植被型，10个植被亚型，17个群系/群丛，其中主要植被类型以落叶常绿阔叶混交林为主。据本底调查和样方资料统计得到，（1）亭林园共有维管束植物134科358属532种，其中有被子植物118科，占总科数的88.06%。通过对亭林园各科所含种数的统计可知，所含种数5种以上的科主要为木兰科Magnoliaceae（8种）等21科共有植物150种，占总种数的47.92%。从属的数量来看，亭林园植物含5属及以上的可有百合科Liliaceae等8科，共计104属，占总属数的29.05%。（2）不同样地的重要值在玉峰山南坡A的样方中，女贞、络石、构树、朴树、刺槐的重要值最高，妙峰塔北侧B样地，其群落乔木层中女贞、朴树、柏木、香樟等的重要值较高，在雷达站北侧C样地中，乔木层中毛竹、朴树、女贞的重值较高，雷达站西北侧区域，乔木层中以朴树、络石、黑松、女贞的重要值最高。（3）山体北侧的物种数及物种丰富度指数普遍低于山体南侧；而山体北侧的香浓指数普遍高于山体南侧。玉宇琼楼及妙峰塔北侧物种数最少，而香浓指数最高。（4）亭林园主要植被类型属于亚热带常绿阔叶林区域，北亚热带落叶常绿阔叶混交林带。（5）据不完全统计，亭林园地区保护树种有银杏、水杉、睡莲、樟、榉树、绞股蓝等。主要外来入侵植物14种。受历史变革、人为干扰以及植物引种与人为抚育的影响，亭林园山体植被存在较多问题，因此，昆山亭林园山体植被物种多样性研究，可以掌握其物种组成、群落结构与演替、种群动态以及植被起源与发展趋势等，总结植被存在的问题并提出优化策略，促进保护区内植物多样性的科学保护与可持续利用。

关键词：昆山亭林园，物种多样性，植物群落，植物区系

Study on Species Diversity of Tinglinyuan Mountain Vegetation in Kunshan

ABSTRACT

Kunshan Tinglin Park is located in the northwestern corner of Kunshan City, Jiangsu Province. The main vegetation types of Tinglin Park are 4 vegetation groups, 8 vegetation types, 10 vegetation subtypes, and 17 community groups/clusters. The main vegetation types are mainly deciduous evergreen broad-leaved mixed forests. According to the background survey and sample data statistics, (1) Tinglin Park has a total of 532 genera of 358 genera and 134 families of vascular plants, of which 118 families are angiosperms, accounting for 88.06% of the total families. According to statistics on the number of species contained in each section of Tinglin Park, it is known that there are more than 5 species in the branch, including Magnoliaceae (8 species) and other 21 species in Magnoliaceae (a total of 85 species), accounting for 47.92% of the total species. From the viewpoint of the number of subordinates, the Tinglin Garden plants containing 5 genera and more may have 8 families such as Liliaceae in the family Liliaceae, and a total of 104 genera, accounting for 29.05% of the total number of genera. (2) Important values of different sites In the sample plots on the southern slope of Yufeng Mountain, the important values of Ligustrum lucidum, Collaborative Stone, Broussonetia papyrifera, Hackberry, and Robinia were the highest, and the B-like plot on the north side of Miaofeng Tower, the arbor layer of the community. The important values of Ligustrum lucidum, saplings, cedars, and camphor trees are relatively high. In the C-sample site on the north side of the radar station, the weight values of Phyllostachys pubescens, hackberry, and privet in the arbor layer are higher. The northwest side of the radar station, the arbor layer The highest value of importance is given to zhongshu, huoshi, black pine, and privet. (3) The number of species and species richness index on the northern side of the mountain are generally lower than that on the south side of the mountain, while the fragrant index on the north side of the mountain is generally higher than the south side of the mountain. Yuyu Qionglou and Miaofeng Tower have the least number of species on the north side, and the highest aromatic index. (4) The main vegetation types of Tinglin Park belong to the subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest region, and deciduous evergreen broad-leaved mixed forest belts in the north subtropical region. (5) According to incomplete statistics, the protected tree species in the Tinglin Park area are ginkgo, metasequoia, water lilies, lotus root, eucalyptus, and gynostemma pentaphyllum. There are 14 major invasive alien species. Due to historical changes, human disturbances, and the influence of plant introduction and human tending, there are many problems in the vegetation of the Tinglinyuan Mountain. Therefore, the species composition, community structure and succession of the vegetation in the Tinglinyuan Mountain, Kunshan can be mastered. Population dynamics, and the origin and development trend of vegetation, summed up the existing problems of vegetation and put forward optimization strategies to promote scientific protection and sustainable use of plant diversity in protected areas.

Key words: Kunshan Pavilion Park,species diversity,plant community,fauna

目 录

1.前言 1

1.1植物区系研究进展 1

1.2植物多样性研究进展 1

1.3江苏地区植物多样性研究进展 2

1.4选题依据及意义 2

2.研究地区及其自然概况 4

2.1自然地理概况 4

2.2植物资源概况 4

3.研究方法 6

3.1调查样线及样地设置 6

3.2调查方法 6

3.3数据处理及分析 7

4.结果与分析 9

4.1群落物种组成分析 9

4.2优势科属分析 10

4.3不同样地群落物种重要值分析 10

4.4群落物种多样性分析 15

4.5种群年龄结构分析 16

4.6亭林园主要植被类型 17