摘 要

本次试验以4a生北美冬青（Ilex verticillata）良种扦插苗的1a生枝条作为接穗，以“铁冬青（Ilex rotunda Thunb.）”，“大叶冬青（Ilex latifolia Thunb.）”，“红果冬青（llex .purpueaHassk）”，“无刺枸骨（Ilex cornuta varfortunei）”，“枸骨（llex cornuta Lindl）”作为砧木进行比较；以“铁冬青”作为砧木使用传统嫁接刀采取切接的方式以及专用嫁接器进行比较；在铁冬青离地高度2~5cm、5~8cm、8~11cm处进行比较；以“铁冬青”作为砧木采用切接、腹接、嵌芽接的方法进行比较；以“红果冬青”作为砧木对接穗的伤口处使用了未处理，包膜，封蜡，套袋的方式进行比较；还在三月上旬、中旬、下旬以“枸骨”作为砧木进行比较。此外对在嫁接时可能出现的问题进行了初步的探究。研究结果表明：

（1）以“铁冬青”作为砧木，北美冬青的嫁接成活率最高，为45.8%，以“枸骨”作为砧木，北美冬青的嫁接成活率最低，为8.3%

（2）使用专用嫁接器会略微提升嫁接成活率，为43.3%，使用传统嫁接器为36.7%。

（3）在砧木高度8~11cm处嫁接成活率最高，为50.0%，在砧木高度2~5cm出嫁接成活率最低，为10.0%。

（4）使用切接与腹接的方法嫁接成活率一样，为36.7%，使用嵌芽接嫁接成活率最低，为33.3%。

（5）对接穗采用封蜡加套袋的方法会显著提高嫁接成活率，为13.3%，对接穗未进行处理的嫁接成活率最低，为3.3%

（6）在三月下旬进行嫁接，北美冬青的嫁接成活率最高，为16.7%，在三月上旬进行嫁接的成活率最低，为3.3%。

关键词：北美冬青；嫁接；成活率

A Preliminary Study on the Grafting Technique of Ilex verticillata.

ABSTRACT

In this experiment, Ilex rotunda Thunb., Ilex latifolia Thunb., llex .purpueaHassk, Ilex verticillae Thunb., Ilex verticillata Thunb., Ilex cornuta varfortunei, llex cornuta Lindl as a rootstock to compare; to Ilex rotunda Thunb. as a rootstock using traditional grafting knife to take the way and special graft graft comparison; The results were as follows: the method was used as the rootstock, and the rootstock was compared with the method of cutting, abutment and budding. The llex .purpueaHassk was used as the rootstock Scion at the wound using the untreated, coated, sealed wax, bagging way to compare; also in early March, mid, late to bone as a rootstock for comparison. In addition to the possible problems in the grafting of a preliminary inquiry. Research indicates:

1. With the Ilex rotunda Thunb. as the rootstock, the graft survival rate of Ilex verticillata was the highest, which was 45.8%, and the survival rate of the American holly was the lowest, 8.3%

(2) The use of special graft will slightly increase the graft survival rate of 43.3%, the use of traditional grafting for 36.7%.

1. The highest survival rate was 50.0% at the root height of 8 ~ 11 cm, and the survival rate was the lowest at the root height of 2 ~ 5 cm, which was 10.0%.
2. The graft survival rate was 36.7%, and the survival rate was 33.3%.
3. The grafting survival rate was 13.3%, and the graft survival rate was the lowest, which was 3.3%
4. Grafted in late March, the highest rate of grafting in Ilex verticillata was 16.7%, and the survival rate of grafting was the lowest at 3.3% in early March.

Key words：Ilex verticillata；Grafting；Survival rate

目 录

1 前言…………………………………………………………………………………………………………1

1.1北美冬青的简介……………………………………………………………………………1

1.2研究目的及意义……………………………………………………………………………1

2 文献综述………………………………………………………………………………2

2.1 国内外研究现状………………………………………………………………………2

2.1.1 北美冬青品种…………………………………………………………………2

2.1.2 国内外应用价值……………………………………………………………………2

2.1.3 北美冬青引栽现状…………………………………………………………………2

2.2 北美冬青引栽技术……………………………………………………………………3

2.2.1 播种繁殖……………………………………………………………………………3

2.2.2 扦插繁殖……………………………………………………………………………3

2.2.3 嫁接繁殖……………………………………………………………………………4

2.3 影响嫁接成活的因素………………………………………………………………………4

2.3.1 砧木的种类……………………………………………………………………………4

2.3.2 嫁接方式…………………………………………………………………………………4

2.3.3 嫁接时间…………………………………………………………………………………4

2.3.4 伤口处理方式………………………………………………………………………………5

3 试验材料与方法……………………………………………………………………………6

3.1 试验地概况................………………………………………………………………………………6

3.2 试验材料与工具........……………………………………………………………………………6

3.3 试验设计...…………………………………………………………………………………………6

3.4 北美冬青嫁接成活测定...…………………………………………………………………………7

3.5 数据处理与分析..…………………………………………………………………………….........7

4 结果与分析………….....………………………………………………………..……......8

4.1 不同砧木种类对嫁接效果的影响……..……………………………………………………........8

4.2 不同嫁接方法对嫁接效果的影响….….....………………………………………………………9

4.3 不同嫁接高度对嫁接效果的影响...……………………………..………………………………11

4.4 不同伤口处理对嫁接效果的影响...……………………………..………………………………12

4.5 不同嫁接时间对嫁接效果的影响...……………………………………………………………14

5结论………………………………………………………………………………………………………17

5.1 砧木的选择………………………………………………………………………………………17

5.2 嫁接方法的选择.…………………………………………………………………………………17

5.3 嫁接高度的选择............…………………………………………………………………………17

5.4 伤口处理方式的选择..….……………………………………………………………………….17