摘 要

本试验主要研究楸树的根、茎、愈伤组织在扦插不同时期的解剖结构的变化，材料来自河南省南阳林科院苗圃基地，选取彩云楸作为试验品种，探索楸树扦插生根的可能性。为楸树扦插成活提供了理论依据，对推动大面积的种植楸树无性繁殖奠定基础。从而得出以下结果：

（1）在不同部位间，上部的枝条最容易生根，但同时也最容易腐烂；生根效果最好的是中部的枝条，生根率可以达到87.09%。

（2）氧化酶SOD、POD的活性变化与不定根的形成联系密切。插穗愈伤组织大量形成时期，SOD、POD的活性呈现上升趋势，在插穗不定根形成时期，SOD、POD的活性呈现下降趋势。

（3）不同激素处理对生根率有很大的影响，对愈伤组织的形成时期也有很大的影响：经过激素处理的插穗枝条的愈伤组织较不经过激素处理的插穗形成的时间短，而且插穗枝条的愈伤组织形成的时间也因不同激素而不同。经过本次试验发现生根率最高的是用GGR-6处理的插穗，生根率次之的是用NAA IBA=2:1处理的插穗，生根率最低的是无激素处理的对照组的插穗。

关键词：楸树，扦插，生根率，解剖结构，激素处理

Observation of anatomical structure in rooting process of Sorbus tree cuttings
ABSTRACT

This experiment mainly studied the anatomical structure changes of roots, stems and calli of Liriodendron chinense in different periods of cutting. The materials came from the nursery base of Nanyang Academy of Forestry Sciences in Henan Province. Liriodendron chinense was selected as the experimental variety to explore the possibility of cutting roots of Liriodendron mandshurica. It provides a theoretical basis for the survival of Liriodendron cutting, and lays a theoretical foundation for the asexual propagation of Liriodendron mandshurica planted in a large area. Better use of the characteristics of cuttings to provide a more scientific theoretical basis for seedling production. As a result, the following results are obtained:

The main results were as follows: (1) among different parts, the upper branches were the easiest to take root, but also the most easily to rot, and the best rooting effect was in the middle of the branch, and the rate of root formation could reach 87.09%.

(2) the change of SOD,POD activity was closely related to the formation of adventitious roots. During the formation of a large number of cuttings calli, the activity of SOD,POD increased, while the activity of SOD,POD decreased during the formation of adventitious roots in cuttings.

(3) different hormone treatments had great effects on the root formation rate and the formation period of calli: the calli of cuttings treated with hormone had shorter time than those without hormone treatment, and the formation time of cuttings treated with hormone was shorter than that of cuttings without hormone treatment, and the formation time of cuttings treated with hormones was shorter than that of cuttings without hormone treatment. Moreover, the time of calli formation of cuttings varied with different hormones. Through this experiment, it was found that the highest root rate was cuttings treated with GGR-6, followed by cuttings treated with NAA IBA=2:1, and the cuttings with no hormone treatment were the lowest.

Key words: Liriodendron, cutting, rooting rate, anatomical structure, hormone treatment

目录

1文献综述 1

1.1楸树的概述及栽培现状 1

1.1.1楸树的概述 1

1.1.2楸树的生物学特性 1

1.1.3楸树的栽培现状 2

1.2林木扦插技术研究 2

1.2.1扦插技术概论 2

1.2.2插穗的选取 3

1.2.3影响扦插成活的因素 4

1.3植物解剖结构研究进展 5

1.3.1解剖结构研究概论 5

1.3.2插穗生根的类型 5

1.3.3不定根的生长发育的过程 6

1.4研究的目的意义 6

2材料与方法 7

2.1试验地概况 7

2.2试验材料 7

2.3试验设计 7

2.4插后管理 8

2.5试验方法 8

2.5.1形态指标的测定 8

2.5.2形态解剖学的观察 8

2.5.1生理指标的测定——相关酶的测定 9

2.6数据处理 10

3结果与分析 11

3.1插穗生根过程的描述 11

3.2不同激素处理对插穗生根的影响 12

3.3形态解剖学的观察 13

3.3.1插穗根的初生构造 13

3.3.2插穗茎的解剖结构观察 13

3.3.3插穗愈伤组织与不定根的形成 13

3.4酶活性的研究 14

3.4.1 POD对楸树扦插生根的影响 14

3.4.2 SOD对楸树扦插生根的影响 15

3.4.3生根关联酶的相关性分析 16

4主要结论 17

5致谢 18

6参考文献 19

1文献综述

1.1楸树的概述及栽培现状

1.1.1楸树的概述

楸树（CatalpabungeiC.A.Mey)是紫葳科梓树属的落叶乔木，它的树干非常高耸挺拔，高可一般为20-30m，胸径为1-2m，树枝的开张度小，树冠较为紧密，而且枝繁叶茂。树皮是灰褐色的，浅纵裂。小枝是紫褐色的，小枝光滑；叶对生或者三叶轮生。叶形为三角状卵形至卵状长椭圆形，长为5～16cm，宽为5～12cm，顶端长渐形，基部截形、宽楔形或者心形。叶嫩时呈红色，后变成绿色，上面深绿色，初有单毛，而后脱落。下面色略淡，基部脉腋有紫褐色的腺斑，叶柄长2～8cm。花絮是总状花絮呈伞房状，有花3-12朵，生于枝的顶端，花两性，长1.2～1.4cm,宽7～8mm，顶端尖，颜色为紫绿色，花冠2唇形，白色，内外两面密生深紫色斑点及条纹，呈淡红或淡紫色，长约4cm，冠幅3-4cm，蒴果细长，长约25-50cm，径5-6mm，结实稀少，种子多数，紫褐色，两端钝圆，长3～5cm，宽2.5～3mm，背部隆起，花期4-5月，果熟期8-9月^[1]。

楸树为我国生态幅度较大的优良乡土树种，分布的范围很广，遍及暖温带及亚热带，在河北、北京、山西、山东、河南、陕西、安徽、江苏等省市均有分布,以山东、江苏、河南、安徽省分布较多^[2]。栽培的历史悠久，迄今已有2600多年。寿命长，一般可生长数百年。