摘 要

金叶银杏因其叶色亮丽和观赏期长，从而在城市景观中推广种植。但对于金叶银杏叶片呈现金黄色的变色原因并不清楚，这对金叶银杏的理论研究和实际应用造成了限制。本试验以2年生金叶银杏实生苗木为试材，分析不同时期叶色变化及色素含量、色差，蛋白质的动态变化，为揭示金叶银杏叶色变化原因提供一定的理论依据。从而得出以下结果：

（1）通过测量一定时期的苗高地径数据，对银叶银杏实生苗进行外观数据记录。苗高最大是105cm、最小25cm，平均值为74cm；地径最大值是1.93cm，最小0.174cm，平均值为1.07cm。

（2）叶色变化规律发现由浅绿色变为浅黄色，也有从浅绿色变为绿色的。

（3）通过色差计测得亮度值L*、色相值a*和b*，采用丙酮—乙醇混合液分光光度法，测定叶绿素，分析两者相关性，结果显示：叶绿素的含量会直接影响叶色的呈色，且叶绿素b处于主导的作用，对叶色的影响要大于叶绿素a。金叶银杏的L*值、b*值、a*和C*值明显高于绿叶，所以叶色浅亮，色彩丰富；叶绿素含量的增加会抑制参数L*值和b*值的呈色，使叶色的亮度和彩度减少。

（4 ）采用考马斯亮蓝G-250染色法，测定叶片中可溶性蛋白含量的变化，结果发现：金叶中蛋白质含量均显著高于绿叶银杏，达到了显著水平（plt;0.05）。随时间变化，金叶中蛋白质含量增加，其叶绿素含量降低，叶色呈现“青转黄”的变化；而绿叶中蛋白质含量远低于金叶，其增长幅度均低于金叶，而叶绿素含量则明显高于金叶，推测蛋白质含量的高低影响着叶绿素的积累。

关键词：金叶银杏；叶绿素；叶色；可溶性蛋白质；光合作用效率

Analysis Of Leaf Color Variation Of Ginkgo Biloba

abstract

Ginkgo biloba is widely used in urban landscape for its bright leaf color and long viewing period. However, it is not clear why the leaves of ginkgo biloba become golden yellow, which limits the theoretical research and practical application of ginkgo biloba. In this experiment, the 2-year solid seedlings of ginkgo biloba were used as test materials to analyze the dynamic changes of leaf color, pigment content, color difference and protein in different periods, so as to provide certain theoretical basis for revealing the causes of leaf color changes of ginkgo biloba. Thus, the following results are obtained:

(1) the appearance data of ginkgo biloba seedlings were recorded by measuring the height diameter data of seedlings in a certain period. The maximum seedling height was 105cm and the minimum 25cm, with an average value of 74cm. The maximum diameter was 1.93cm, the minimum was 0.174cm, and the average was 1.07cm.

(2) the leaf color changes from light green to light yellow, and also from light green to green.

(3) through the color-difference meter measured brightness values of L* a* and b*, hue value, with acetone and ethanol mixture spectrophotometric method, determination of chlorophyll, the analysis of the correlation, the results showed that the content of chlorophyll will directly affect the color of leaves, and chlorophyll b is in the leading role, the impact on the leaf color than chlorophyll a. The L*, b*, a* and C* values of ginkgo biloba are significantly higher than those of the green leaves, so the leaves are light and colorful. The increase of chlorophyll content will inhibit the color of parameter L* and b*, and reduce the brightness and chromaticity of leaf color.

(4) the change of soluble protein content in leaves was determined by coomath brilliant blue g-250 staining method, and the results showed that the protein content in gold leaf was significantly higher than that in green leaf ginkgo biloba, reaching a significant level (plt;0.05). With the change of time, the protein content increased, the chlorophyll content decreased, and the leaf color changed from green to yellow. The protein content in green leaves was far lower than that in gold leaves, and the growth rate was lower than that in gold leaves, while the chlorophyll content was significantly higher than that in gold leaves, suggesting that the protein content affected the accumulation of chlorophyll.

Key words: ginkgo biloba; Chlorophyll; Leaf color; Soluble protein；Photosynthetic efficiency

目 录

前言 1

1文献概述 2

1.1 银杏概述及栽培现状 2

1.1.1银杏概述 2

1.1.2银杏栽培现状 2

1.2 金叶银杏概述及研究现状 3

1.2.1金叶银杏概述 3

1.2.2金叶银杏色素分析 3

1.2.3金叶银杏研究现状 4

1.3研究的目的意义 5

2 材料与方法 6

2.1 试验地概况 6

2.2 试验材料 6

2.3 试验方法 6

2.3.1 叶形叶色变化观察 6

2.3.2 苗高、地径生长量测定 6

2.3.3 叶色参数测定 6

2.3.4 叶绿素含量的测定 7

2.3.5 可溶性糖含量的测定 7

2.3.6 可溶性蛋白含量的测定 8

3 数据与分析 9

3.1 叶形叶色多样性 9

3.2 苗高、地径生长量分析 10

3.3 叶色色差参数比较分析 11

3.4 叶绿素含量变化分析 13

3.5 可溶性糖含量变化分析 15

3.6 可溶性蛋白含量变化分析 16

3.7 叶色参数与叶绿素相关性分析 17

4 结果与讨论 18

致谢 20

参考文献 21

前 言

银杏(Ginkgo biloba L.)别名白果树、公孙树等，3亿多年以前遍布全球，中生代侏罗纪时期发展至鼎盛，现属于国家二级保护树种。它集药用、果用、材用、观赏等价值于一身，越来越受到了人们的喜爱与关注。因此，银杏具有非常广阔的市场发展潜力和应用前景。

银杏雌雄异株，可以通过自然界的风作为媒介完成自花授粉，但是由于花粉活力只能保存一定时间的特性，就决定了银杏的授粉极容易受到地理位置的影响。然而长期地理位置的隔离，从一定方面不利于银杏优良品种的培育。近年来，银杏产业发展迅速，但是由于人们对银杏特性的认识不足，只注重其果实的发展，从而导致银杏产业相对单一，不利于我国银杏产业的发展。因此对于栽培品种良种化提出了越来越高的要求。为了满足国内市场需要，促进银杏产业的健康发展，因此培育出材用、叶用林银杏，显得尤为重要。