摘 要

为了筛选耐水的杨树无性系，充分利用低湿地资源，提高经济效益、社会效益和生态效益。本研究利用3804、1388、895、110和328等5种杨树新无性系苗木进行了淹水试验，结果表明，（1）淹水处理对杨树无性系苗木的形态、生长和生理具有一定的影响，在淹水处理下杨树无性系会出现落叶、根系偏上生长、茎皮孔膨大等现象，有利于提高耐水性，其中1388、328和895三种无性系表现比较突出。（2）5种杨树无性系的苗高生长量基本上表现为全淹＞半淹＞CK的趋势，其中1388杨和895杨在不同处理之间差异显著。（3）总体上半淹处理下的苗木地径生长量最大，而对照与全淹处理生长量较小，说明适当淹水可促进杨树无性系苗木的地径生长。（4）淹水处理下1388、895和3804三种杨树无性系总生物量比对照大，其中1388杨和895杨尤为突出，110杨和328杨在不同处理之间的生物量差异不显著。（5）简单的综合评价结果表明，5种杨树无性系的耐水性排序为1388杨gt;328杨gt;895杨gt;110杨gt;3804杨，所以可以初步认为1388杨耐水性最强。

关键词：杨树无性系；苗木；淹水；生长；抗性

Study on the resistance of poplar seedlings to waterlogging

ABSTRACT

In order to make full use of the low land resources, and to improve the economic, social and ecological benefits, selecting the poplar clones with water resistant was important. Research showed that: (1) Waterlogging treatments had certain effects on the morphology, growth and physiology of poplar clones. Under waterlogging treatment, the poplar seedlings had some morphological characters such as leaves falling, root growth for upward, skin enlargement of stem. It was beneficial to improve water resistance, and the resistance of poplar 1388, 328 and 895 were stronger. (2) The height growth of 5 poplar clones showed a trend of flooding treatment gt; half flooding gt; CK. Among them, poplar 1388 and poplar 895 were significantly different in different treatments. (3) In general, the diameter growth of seedlings under half flooding treatment was the largest. While the diameter growth of seedlings was smaller under the control and flooding treatments. It was suggested that proper flooding could promote the growth of poplar seedlings. (4) The total biomass of three poplar clones of 1388, 895 and 3804 under flood treatment was larger than that in CK. Among them, poplar 1388 and poplar 895 were prominent. There was no significant difference between different treatments to the poplar 110 and poplar 328. (5) A simple comprehensive evaluation showed that the water resistance of 5 poplar clones was the order of poplar 1388 gt; poplar 328 gt; poplar 895 gt; poplar 110 gt; poplar 3804.

Key wrds：Poplar clone; Seedling; Waterlogging; Growth; Resistance

目 录

前 言 1

1综 述 2

1.1杨树的基本概况 2

1.2涝渍胁迫对苗木形态和生长的影响 2

1.2.1涝渍胁迫对苗木高生长的影响 2

1.2.2涝渍胁迫对苗木地径生长的影响 3

1.2.3涝渍胁迫对苗木生物量的影响 3

1.3涝渍胁迫对苗木生理性状的影响 3

1.3.1涝渍胁迫对苗木叶绿素的影响 3

1.3.2涝渍胁迫对苗木光合作用的影响 4

1.3.3涝渍胁迫对苗木SOD活性的影响 4

1.4结 语 5

2研究材料与方法 6

2.1研究材料 6

2.2研究方法 6

2.2.1试验方法 6

2.2.2苗木生长与形态指标测定 8

2.2.3苗木生理指标测定 8

2.2.4抗性综合评价 8

3结果与分析 10

3.1淹水处理对杨树苗木形态的影响 10

3.2淹水处理对杨树苗木生长的影响 10

3.2.1对苗高生长的影响 10

3.2.2对地径生长的影响 11

3.2.3对苗木生物量的影响 11

3.3淹水处理对杨树苗木生理的影响 12

3.3.1对叶片净光合速率的影响 12

3.3.2对叶绿素含量的影响 12

3.3.3对叶片SOD活性的影响 13

3.4相关性分析 14

3.5隶属函数分析 15

4结论与讨论 16

4.1讨论 16

4.2结论 16

致 谢 18

参考文献 19

前 言

杨树（Populus）种类多，分布广，用途大。种植杨树不仅会带来巨大的经济效益，而且还会带来生态效益。国内外学者对杨树的研究已有很多，但是针对近年来培育的杨树新无性系在逆境下的形态、生长和生理作用的研究较少，新无性系对逆境的抗性机理以及抗耐能力尚不清楚，从而限制了在实际生产中的推广应用。

已有的研究表明，多数杨树比较耐湿，短期的淹水不会对杨树造成严重的影响，但是长期淹水或者地下水位偏高时仍然会使杨树难以维持正常的生长^[1]。我国南方地区存在大量的江河湖泊滩地，总体上地势低，地下水位高，常常发生涝渍，生产力较低。为了充分利用涝渍土地，改善生态环境，选择和栽植耐涝植物十分必要。