摘 要

不同的竹子有着不同的秆色、纹理、叶片等特征，而系统梳理秆形秆色变化（如黄金竹、金镶玉、黄秆乌哺鸡竹等）的经济竹种，能在一定程度上澄清品种，提供相适竹种品种生物学特性和观赏特质的景观配置与园林应用。

本文对129种中国常见经济观赏竹种进行了系统性梳理，将其按照竹姿、秆形、秆色、叶色、笋态这几大观赏特性进行了分析归类，以简要鲜明的竹种特征为分类标准从而制作出了特征索检图表，分别为观竹姿竹种索检图、观秆形竹种索检图、观秆色竹种索检图、观叶色竹种索检图、观笋态竹种索检图。其中观姿竹种16种，观秆形竹种20种，观秆色竹种64种，观叶色竹种12种，观笋态竹种17种。

本文着眼观赏特性，力避晦涩难懂的分类学术语，编制了快捷型、傻瓜化的5类共129种观赏竹索检图，方便园林、景观应用。

关键词：观赏竹；经济竹种；观赏特征

Special economic bamboo species (ornamental bamboo) carding

ABSTRACT

Different bamboos have different characteristics such as stalk color, texture, and leaves, while economical bamboo species that are systematically combed with stalk-shaped stalk color changes (such as golden bamboo, gold-inlaid jade, and yellow stalked Wuxi chicken-bamboo, etc.) can be to a certain degree. Clarify the varieties and provide the landscape configuration and garden application of the biological characteristics and ornamental qualities of suitable bamboo species.
In this paper, 129 kinds of common ornamental bamboo species in China are systematically combed and analyzed according to bamboo, stalk, culm, leaf, and bamboo shoot characteristics. The characteristics of the classification criteria to produce a feature check chart, respectively, bamboo bamboo attitude bamboo cable inspection chart, view of bamboo stalk-shaped cable inspection chart, view of the color of the bamboo culm bamboo sowing chart, bamboo leaves of the concept of color inspection chart , See bamboo shoots sonar inspection map. Among them, there are 16 species of bamboos in view, 20 species of bamboo in view, 64 species of bamboo in view, 12 species of bamboo in view, and 17 species of bamboo in bamboo shoots.
This article focuses on the viewing characteristics, avoids obscure taxonomic terminology, and compiles fast, fool-proof 5 categories of 129 kinds of ornamental bamboo cable inspection maps to facilitate garden and landscape applications.

Key word：Ornamental bamboo; Economic bamboo species; Ornamental characteristi

目 录

1 综述 1

1.1 观赏竹的定义 1

1.2 观赏竹的主要美学特性 2

1.2.1 姿态美 2

1.2.2 色彩美 2

1.2.3 意境美 2

1.2.4 季相美 3

1.3 经典观赏竹竹园和竹景点 3

1.4 观赏竹的绿化作用 5

1.5 本文的研究目的及意义 6

2 材料与方法 7

2.1 实验材料 7

2.2 实验方法 7

2.2.1 姿态观赏竹系统梳理 7

2.2.2 秆形观赏竹系统梳理 9

2.2.3 秆色观赏竹系统梳理 10

2.2.4 叶色观赏竹系统梳理 15

2.2.5 笋态观赏竹系统梳理 16

3 结论与讨论 18

3.1 结论 18

3.2 讨论 18

致谢 19

参考文献 20

附录 22

1 综述

1.1 观赏竹的定义

英国的世界科学技术史大师李约瑟（Joseph Terence Montgomery Needham，1900-1995）说“东亚文明乃是竹子文明”^[1]。竹文化是华夏文明的重要结晶之一，我国晋代戴凯之撰写的《竹谱》是世界上最早的竹类专著^[2]，历史上有著名的三大竹园（杜园、淇园、清化竹园）承载着竹林七贤^[3]、竹溪六逸^[4]等经典。

竹子除了古代的战备、民用外，还具有独特的观赏价值^[5]。纵观当代，学者们对其多有定义（表1-1）。

表1-1 观赏竹主要概念比较