摘 要

本文是宜兴森林病害普查，共记录了61种病害，炭疽病、煤污病、丛枝病、茎腐病白粉病、黑斑病、叶枯病、叶锈病病等。其中炭疽病的寄主有杉木Cunninghamia lanceolata （Lamb.）Hook.、茶叶Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Ktze.、无患子Sapindus、山茶Camellia japonica L.、大叶黄杨Buxus megistophylla Levl.、含笑Michelia figo （Lour.）Spreng、海棠Chaenomeles sinensis；煤污病的寄主有无刺构骨Ilex cornuta varfortunei、柑橘Citrus reticulata Blanco、榉树Zelkova serrata (Thunb.) Makino、龙爪槐Sophora japonica Linn. var. japonica f. pendula Hort、竹Bambusoideae（Bambusaceae或Bamboo）；白粉病的寄主有梨Pyrus sorotina、朴树Celtis sinensis.、鸡爪槭Acer palmatum Thunb.、枫杨Pterocarya stenoptera C. DC；黑斑病的寄主有月季Rosa chinensis Jacq.、刺槐Robinia pseudoacacia L. ；叶枯病的寄主有罗汉松Podocarpus macrophyllus、大叶冬青Ilex latifolia Thunb.、银杏Ginkgo biloba L.、毛竹Phyllostachys heterocycla (Carr.) Mitford cv. ；灰斑病的寄主有梨Pyrus sorotina、短柄枹Quercus glandulifera var. brevipetiolata Nakai、桂花Osmanthus  sp.、白玉兰Michelia alba DC.、金丝楠木Phoebe zhennan S. Lee、红叶石楠Photinia fraseri、枇杷Eriobotrya japonicad等。通过此次普查，填充了宜兴有害生物名录，确定在该类群中主要的病害种类及其危害的特点、症状、危害程度等，鉴定出大多数病原，并为该类群森林病害的防治提供重要的技术参考。

关键词：病害普查；病原鉴定；病害防治

Forest disease census in Yixing

ABSTRACT

This is Yixing forest disease census recorded a total of 61 kinds of disease, anthracnose, Sooty Blotch, broom and stalk rot of powdery mildew, black spot disease, leaf blight, leaf rust disease. The anthrax among Chinese fir Cunninghamia lanceolata (Lamb.) Hook., sinensis (L.) O. Camellia tea Ktze., soapnut Sapindus, Camellia japonica L., Camellia e.japonicus Buxus megistophylla Levl. Michelia Figo, smiling: (Lour.) Spreng, Chaenomeles sinensis Hai Tong; sooty host has no thorn bone structure Ilex cornuta varfortunei, Citrus reticulata Blanco, Zelkova of Citrus beech (Thunb.) Makino, serrata Sophora japonica Linn. var. japonica F. tree pendula Hort, bamboo Bambusoideae (Bambusaceae or Bamboo); the host Pyrus sorotina pear powdery mildew, Pu Shu Celtis sinensis., Acer Thunb., Acer palmatum palmatum Pterocarya stenoptera C. DC Fengyang; Alternaria host rose Rosa chinensis Jacq. Robinia pseudoacacia L., Robinia pseudoacacia; leaf blight Podocarpus macrophyllus, a host of Podocarpus Ilex Ilex latifolia Thunb., Ginkgo biloba L., Phyllostachys pubescens ginkgo heterocycla (Carr.) Mitford cv.; gray spot disease among pear Pyrus sorotina, Quercus glandulifera var. Quercus serrata var.brevipetiolata brevipetiolata Nakai, Osmanthus sp., Michelia Alba osmanthus, Magnolia DC. Phoebe Zhennan S. Lee, nanmu Photinia Photinia fraseri, japonicad and Eriobotrya in loquat. Through the census, Yixing filled with a list of pest, determining the species in the main disease types and hazard characteristics, symptoms, such as degree of harm, identified the most important pathogens, and provide technical reference for the control of forest disease groups.

Key words: disease screening; pathogen identification; disease prevention

目录

摘 要 2

目录 4

1 前言 1

1.1病害的概念 1

1.2.1林木病害普查的意义 1

1.2.2 我国林木病害普查工作的基本现状 2

1.3 本课题的目的与意义 2

2 材料与方法 3

2.1普查的工具 3

2.2普查方法 3

2.3标本的采集 4

2.4 标本的制作与鉴定 4

2.4.1标本的制作 4

2.4.2标本的鉴定 5

3结果与分析 6

3.1宜兴的基本情况及树种构成 6

3.2普查主要成果与发现 7

致 谢 12

参考文献 13

1 前言

1.1病害的概念

病原生物或不良的气象、土壤等非生物因素使林木在生理、组织和形态上发生的病理变化。可导致生长不良，产量、质量下降，甚至引起林木枯死和生态条件的恶化。引起林木病害的生物主要有病毒、类菌原体、细菌、真菌和寄生性种子植物等。其中真菌所致病害种类最多，约占森林病害中的 80％以上，历史上森林的许多毁灭性病害都是真菌引起的。细菌对森林的为害远比真菌轻，已知的严重细菌性林木病害只有杨树细菌性溃疡病(Xanthomonas populi)、青枯病(Pseudomonas solanacearum)等少数几种。病毒主要侵害阔叶树种,引起花叶病和枯斑，但很少为害裸子植物。

1.2林木病害普查