摘 要

本研究以盆栽海棠‘长寿冠’（Chaenomeles speciosa (Sweet) Nakai ‘Changshouguan’） 为试验材料，分别在花芽分化期（5、6月份）采用烯效唑处理，通过测定营养物质、抗氧化酶活性、内源激素变化、开花物候指标来研究烯效唑在开花时间、成花数量、开花品质等方面的影响，以期为海棠花期调控、提高开花品质提供技术和理论依据。主要结论如下：

1、从开花时间、花期、开花一致性和花芽分化期内源激素变化等方面得出，在本试验中的三个浓度中，50mg/L的低浓度烯效唑为最适宜处理浓度；

2、在开花时间和花期方面，50mg/L烯效唑处理使得开花时间增加，花期提前2d；500mg/L高浓度烯效唑处理抑制了开花进程，使得开花时间不一致，同时降低了开花率，使得开花数减少；

3、在开花一致性方面，50mg/L烯效唑处理增加虽然未增加花序但是成花数开花率、总花数还是得到了一定的提高；500mg/L处理降低了开花率、总花数、花序成花数，使得开花一致性降低；

4、在花色方面，通过色彩色差仪的测定，50mg/L浓度烯效唑处理能降低内外圈色差；烯效唑处理降低了花色亮度，稍稍提高了花色饱和度，降低了色调角，改善了花色品质；

5、在花芽分化期内源激素变化方面，50mg/L烯效唑处理使得IAA、GA含量下降、ABA含量上升，同时烯效唑处理提高了ZR/IAA、ZR/GAs、ABA/GAs、ABA/IAA比值，有利于花芽分化，促进开花提前；

6、开花期花瓣内源激素测定结果表明，50mg/L烯效唑处理未能延缓花瓣衰败；

7、与对照相比，花芽分化期烯效唑处理可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白均大量消耗，后期趋于稳定；烯效唑处理在末期蛋白质含量恢复时间提前；最适浓度烯效唑处理与对照相比可溶性糖含量与对照相似，淀粉含量低于对照，可溶性蛋白含量高于对照；

8、在抗氧化系统方面，花芽分化期烯效唑处理使得POD、SOD活性提高，且峰出现的时间提前，这与烯效唑处理使得海棠花期提前结果一致；在冬季开花过程中烯效唑处理各组POD活性提高，但在各组烯效唑处理下，SOD活性降低，这需要我们以后做进一步的研究以探索。

关键词：长寿冠 烯效唑 花芽分化 成花

The Effect of uniconazole on the Flowering of  Chaenomeles speciosa (Sweet) Nakai 'Changshouguan'

ABSTRACT

In this study,we processed the samples of Chaenomeles speciosa (Sweet) Nakai 'Changshouguan' respectively.The samples ,on which the flower bud differentiated in May and June,were treated by  uniconazole.

The effects of uniconazole on flowering time, flowering number and flowering quality were studied by measuring nutrient substance , the activity of antioxidant system, the change of endogenous hormones and flowering phenology, in order to provide technology and theoretical basis for flowering regulation and improving the quality of flowering.As follows are the main conclusions:

1.From the flowering time, flowering, flowering consistency and changes in endogenous hormones during flower bud differentiation,etc, in the three concentrations in this experiment, low concentration of uniconazole is the most suitable;

2.In terms of flowering time and flowering.Compared with the control,in the flower bud differentiation period,after processed by the optimal concentration of uniconazole(50mg/L),the flowering time increased,the flowering period was 2 days ahead,but full-bloom stage was shortened;

3.In terms of color, the results of color ,which measured by color difference meter,showed that uniconazole treatment had no obvious influences on the color difference of the inner and outer flower petal;

4.In the flower bud differentiation period,the results of the contents of endogenous hormones in leaves showed that 50mg / L uniconazole treatment made the ratio of ZR / IAA, ZR / GAs, ABA / GAs and ABA / IAA increase and made the contents of IAA,GA decrease and made the contents of ABA increase,which benifited to speed up the process of flower bud differentiation and promote flowering ahead.

5.The results of endogenous hormones in flowering stage showed that the IAA, GAs, IAA / ABA, GAs / ABA, (IAA GAs ZR) / ABA did not delay the decline of petals after 50mg / L uniconazole treatment;

6.Compared with the control,by the uniconazole, the changes of soluble sugar and soluble protein in the leaves of flower buds tend to stabilized .Uniconazole treatment to protein content peak time ahead.Compared with the control uniconazole treatment the content of soluble sugar was similar to that of control, and the content of soluble protein was lower than that of control. The content of soluble protein was higher than that of control;

7.Antioxidant enzyme activity test showed:Compared with the control,The activity of POD and SOD was increased and the time of peak appeared earlier.This was consistent with the results of uniconazole treatment to promote the process of bud differentiation of Begonia which is conducive to the extension of flowering time.

Key words: Chaenomeles speciosa (Sweet) Nakai ‘Changshouguan’; Uniconazole; Flower Bud Differentiation; Flowering

目 录

1文献综述.....................................................................................................................................................................1

1.1海棠简介..............................................................................................................................................................1

1.2海棠研究进展......................................................................................................................................................1

1.2.1海棠的品种分类.........................................................................................................................................1

1.2.2海棠的逆境研究.........................................................................................................................................2

1.2.3海棠的生理研究.........................................................................................................................................2

1.3烯效唑与植物成花..............................................................................................................................................3

1.3.1烯效唑简介.................................................................................................................................................3