陀螺果分类及资源学价值探讨毕业论文

 2021-04-21 11:04

摘 要

本文通过结合前人对安息香科陀螺果的研究,综合系统分析与比较法对陀螺果的分类地位、分布范围以及资源学价值进行探讨,并得出了以下结论:

1、根据对安息香科各属的叶绿体、线粒体基因分析得出陀螺果在安息香科中处于较进化的过渡类群。作为演化过程中的寡种属,陀螺果具有独特的地位,具有十分珍贵的研究价值。陀螺果种内有较大的形态差异,且有花色从白色向深色、果实从大到小的变化趋势。

2、陀螺果在早期有更为广泛的分布区,经过大范围的全球降温后分布区向南迁移变窄。现代陀螺果仅在我国南方10个省内有分布,最北端已达到长江流域。

3、分析陀螺果的形态特征及各部位的成分,得出陀螺果主要有五个方面的作用:园林、油料、用材、药用及食用,目前只在园林上有少量初步的运用。

关键词:安息香科;陀螺果;分类地位;分布区;资源价值

A Study on the Taxonomic Status and Resource Value of Melliodendron xylocarpum Hand.-Mazz.

ABSTRACT

The objective of this work was to apply the methods of the literature surveying, system analysis and comparison to analyze the taxonomic status, distribution range and resource value of Melliodendron . Main conclusions showed as followed:

1.According to the analysis of the chloroplast and mitochondrial genes of the Styracaeae, the genome of the Melliodendron was in a relatively transitional genus in the Styracaeae, which was unique in the succession. There are significant morphological differences in Melliodendron xylocarpum and the variation of color flower from white to dark and fruit sizes from big to small.

2.Before glacial epoch, the speices of Melliodendron had a wider range of distribution, and the area was narrowed by a wide range of global chilling,wheras they distribute only in 10 provinces in the south of China, and the northernmost reaches reach the Yangtze river basin at modern time.

3.Through the analysis of the morphological aspects and organs components of Melliodendron, there are five application purposesin: garden, industrial (timber and grease), medicines, and edible provisions. However there are only a few preliminary applications in the garden or landscape.

Key words: Styracaeae; Melliodendron xylocarpum;Taxonomy; Distribution; Resource value

目 录

前言..........................................................................6

1.文献综述....................................................................7

1.1安息香科简介..........................................................7

1.1.1安息香科分类学研究简史..........................................7

1.1.2安息香科分布及特性..............................................7

1.2陀螺果简介............................................................8

1.2.1陀螺果分类学历史变迁............................................8

1.2.2陀螺果分布及特性................................................8

1.3研究的目的和意义......................................................9

1.3.1研究目的........................................................9

1.3.2研究意义........................................................9

  1. 研究内容与方法.............................................................11

2.1研究对象.............................................................11

2.2研究内容.............................................................11

2.3研究方法.............................................................11

  1. 研究结果...................................................................12

3.1分类地位及其演化趋势.................................................12

3.1.1分类地位探讨...................................................12

3.1.1.1传统形态学分析...........................................12

3.1.1.2系统发育学分析...........................................13

3.1.2陀螺果属的演化趋势.........................................14

3.1.3研究结果.......................................................15

3.1.4存在的问题.....................................................15

3.2陀螺果属的分布区.....................................................16

3.2.1陀螺果的历史分布变迁...........................................16

3.2.2现代陀螺果分布区...............................................16

3.2.3研究结果.......................................................17

3.2.4存在的问题.....................................................18

3.3陀螺果的资源学价值分析..............................................18

3.3.1陀螺果生物学特性...............................................18

3.3.2陀螺果的资源学价值.............................................18

  1. 结果与讨论.................................................................20

4.1结论.................................................................20

4.2讨论.................................................................20

致谢.........................................................................21

参考文献.....................................................................22

前 言

安息香科陀螺果为中国特有种(属),是南岭分界线阔叶林重要组成之一,在安息香科中地位属于少数几个寡种属(单系类群)中的单种属,被世界上历史最悠久的植物学杂志Curtis's Botanical Magazine誉为从中国引种的最美安息香科植物。陀螺果树形古雅,花先叶开放,花大而美丽,果大而垂悬,奇特美丽,宜在庭院中群植、列植或作行道树;木材轻软,结构均匀,纹理直,可做家具、板材及细木工用材,是一种集观赏、油料和材用于一体的经济树种,具有较高的开发利用价值。

早在 20 世纪 90年代初,国外便对陀螺果引种给予了高度的重视,与此相比,国内对陀螺果研究较少,仅局限于系统分类、地理分布和繁殖技术等。因陀螺果的果型较大,天然传播能力差,目前已成濒危植物。

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