摘 要

滨海盐碱地处在暖温带向亚热带过渡的季风气候下，土壤粘重，通气透水性差，制约了该地区农业及生态建设的可持续发展。稻壳炭在改良土壤性能和改善植物生长上具有一定潜力，有望为农业废弃物综合治理提供一条新途径，对东南沿海地区盐碱地的治理和人居环境整治具有重要意义。

本文研究了在盐碱土中分别施入不同比例（0%、2.5%、5%、10%、20%、30%）稻壳炭后，测定了土壤的孔隙状况、含盐量和速效养分的变化，得出稻壳炭对土壤的改良效果以及对作物的增产效果。

结果表明：

（1）施入稻壳炭后，土壤总孔隙度提高了15%，毛管孔隙度降低了5%，改善了盐碱土的物理性质，降低了土壤的黏着程度。土壤的含盐量降低了1.5‰。

（2）施入稻壳炭后，土壤中水溶无机氮的含量提升了5mg/kg，速效磷的含量提升了1mg/kg，速效钾的含量提升了10mg/kg。

（3）稻壳炭增加了土壤速效养分，降低了土壤PH值，提高了土壤孔隙度和通透性，使土壤含盐量降低，增强了土壤的团粒结构，改善了盐碱土的立地条件，增加了农作物产量。各处理中施入20%稻壳炭对土壤的改良效果最好。

关键词：稻壳炭；盐碱土；改良效果

Study on Amelioration of salty soil by

the Rice-Hull-Based Biochar

ABSTRACT

The coastal saline alkali land was in the monsoon climate with the transition of warm temperate zone to the sub tropical zone. The soil was heavy and the permeability of ventilation was poor, which restricts the sustainable development of agriculture and ecological construction in the area. Rice-hull-based biochar had some potential in the improved soil performance and the improvement of plant growth.It was expected to provide a new way in comprehensive management of agricultural waste and had a vital significance to the southeast coastal areas of saline alkali soil of governance and residential living environment improvement.

In this paper, the main content was to study different proportions (0%, 2.5%, 5%, 10%, 20%, 30%) of rice-hull-based biochar applied into saline alkali soil.Then it determined the change of porosity of the soil and salt content and available nutrient, draw the improvement of rice-hull-based biochar to soil and on crop yield.

The results showed:

(1)Soil total porosity was increased by 10%, capillary porosity was reduced by 5%, improved the physical properties of saline alkali soil, and reduced the degree of adhesion of the soil. Soil salinity was reduced by 1.5 per thousand with the rice-hull-based biochar.

(2) The content of water soluble inorganic nitrogen in the soil was increased by 5mg/kg, the content of available phosphorus was increased by 1mg/kg, and the content of available potassium was increased by 10mg/kg with the rice-hull-based biochar.

(3) Rice-hull-based biochar has many benefits such as increased soil available nutrients, reduced soil pH, increased soil porosity and permeability, reduced the salt content, enhanced soil aggregate structure, improved the saline alkali soil site conditions,and increased crop yields. By comparasion, 20% rice-hull-based biochar had the best effect.

Key words：Rice-Hull-Based Biochar, salty soil ,Amelioration

目 录

1绪论………………………………………………………............................………………………………1

1.1前言…………………………………………………………………........................……….…........…1

1.1.1稻壳炭的基本性质……..........……….………….........................................................................1

1.1.2土壤盐渍化概述............................................................................................................................2

1.1.3目的意义 ......................................................................................................................................3

1.2盐碱地改良技术研究进展.....................................................................................................................3

1.2.1水利工程措施改良盐碱地............................................................................................................3

1.2.2化学措施改良盐碱地....................................................................................................................4

1.2.3农业措施改良盐碱地....................................................................................................................5

1.2.4生物措施改良盐碱地....................................................................................................................6

1.2.5利用生物工程培育耐盐植物........................................................................................................7

1.3研究展望.................................................................................................................................................8

2研究方法………….......……………………………………............……………………...................….......…10

2.1材料………………….....…………………………………………………….....…..……...................10

2.2实验方法…………….....…………………………………………………….......…..…….................10

2.2.1土壤总孔隙度和毛管孔隙度的测定……………………………….......…..…….....................10

2.2.2土壤含盐量的测定…………………………………………………...........…..…….................10

2.2.3土壤水溶性无机氮的测定…………………………………………...........…..…….................11