摘 要

山地立地评价对林地的性质和品质有决定性的影响，也影响着林地上林木的种类及生长发育状况。

本文以东海县羽山为研究对象，通过研究分析其土壤理化性质立地因子等，对其进行了立地类型划分。将其分为三类：

1. I级，坡度平缓，平均土层厚度约30cm，土壤含石量少，无岩石裸露，综合评价相对较好。
2. II级，坡度较陡，平均土层厚度小于20cm，土壤瘠薄，含石量较高，岩石裸露率约35%，立地质量一般。
3. III级，坡度陡峭，平均土层厚度小于10cm，土壤瘠薄、干燥，土体极不连续，岩石裸露率70%以上，立地质量较差。

根据划分的三类类型，分别对其植被恢复进行了研究，植被恢复主要措施是适地适树，加大造林和封山育林力度；保护好现有植被，严禁任何形式的乱砍滥伐；发展乡土树种，保护现有珍、稀、濒危植物，维护羽山植物种群的多样性；选择优封补植技术。并具体制定了植被恢复方案，针对各自特点分别制定整地造林等技术路线。

关键词：羽山；立地类型；立地质量评价；植被恢复

Site quality evaluation of difficult mountainous region

ABSTRACT

The site evaluation of the mountain has a decisive influence on the quality and the quality of the forest, and it also influences the species of the forest and the growth and development of the forest. In this paper, Donghai County feather mountain as the research object, through the study and analysis of the soil physical and chemical properties of site factors, the site quality evaluation. Will be divided into three categories:

(1) grade I, the slope is gentle, the average soil layer thickness is about 30cm, the soil stone content is little, no rock is exposed, comprehensive evaluation is relatively good.

(2) grade II, a steep slope, the average soil thickness is less than 20cm, barren soil, gravel content higher, rock exposed rate of about 35%, site quality.

(3) grade III, steep slope, the average soil thickness less than 10cm, barren soil and dry. The soil is not continuous, rock exposed rate of more than 70%, site quality is poor.

According to the division of three types, respectively for the vegetation restoration were studied, vegetation restoration measures is appropriate and suitable tree, increase afforestation and closing hillsides to facilitate afforestation efforts; protect the existing vegetation, is strictly prohibited any form of deforestation; development of native species, the protection of the existing Jane, thin, endangered plant, maintenance plume mountain plant species diversity; choose the excellent sealing replanting. And developed a specific vegetation restoration scheme, according to their characteristics respectively formulate afforestation technology roadmap.

Key words：Hayama; site type; site quality assessment; vegetation restoration

目录

1 绪论 - 1 -

1.1 研究背景、目的及意义 - 1 -

1.2 国内外研究进展 - 1 -

1.2.1 国内外立地学说发展进展 - 1 -

1.2.2 我国立地质量评价研究 - 3 -

1.3 研究地概况 - 4 -

1.3.1 自然条件 - 4 -

1.3.2 社会经济状况 - 5 -

1.3.3 森林植被恢复的障碍性因子 - 5 -

2 试验材料与方法 - 6 -

2.1 试验地概况及设计 - 6 -

2.2 试验方法 - 6 -

3 结果与分析 - 8 -

3.1 羽山山体土壤质地的分析 - 8 -

3.2 土壤pH值 - 10 -

3.3 羽山立地类型的划分 - 11 -

4 羽山森林植被恢复技术方案 - 13 -

5 结论与讨论 - 17 -

5.1 主要结论 - 17 -

5.2 讨论与建议 - 18 -

致 谢 - 19 -

参考文献 - 20 -

1 绪论

1.1 研究背景、目的及意义

现今全球倡导绿色生活，与其息息相关的就是我们的环境，绿色植被生长于大陆，包括了困难山地。近年来，我国的造林绿化事业发展迅猛，许多较易造林绿化的地区在广大人民的支持下已经基本实现了造林的伟大期望。通过应用和推广多年在石质山地植被恢复中已有的研究成果，进行现有技术的优化整合和组装配套，以提高造林成活率和保存率、提高林分和群落质量、加速植被恢复建设是改善我国干旱半干旱石质山地困难立地植被恢复的重要举措^[1]。

引进立地分类及立地质量评价，对摸清经营范围内的立地条件，提高造林和经营水平，充分发挥林地生产潜力具有重要意义^[2]。