摘 要

观赏海棠是一类同时具有观花、观叶、观果的极高观赏价值的品种，随着人民生活水平的提高，城市建设、园林绿化对此的需求量越来越大，针对这一现状，对观赏海棠的研究具有现实意义。

以不同品种的海棠为试验材料，包括垂枝麦当娜、高原红、亚当3个品种。研究了海棠花粉在离体培养条件下，培养液中Ca² 、硼酸、蔗糖对其萌发率的影响；并且比较了3种不同的染色法对海棠花粉生活力的测定效果。以期选择出最适宜的培养条件，为海棠的杂交育种工作提供理论依据，为海棠新品种的选育提供理论依据。

结果表明：不同品种的观赏海棠的花粉萌发率明显存在差异，并且亚当花粉生活力远高于垂枝麦当娜和高原红；适合垂枝麦当娜花粉的最佳培养液配方为400mg/L CaCl₂ 100mg/L硼酸 75g/L蔗糖，适合高原红和亚当花粉的最佳培养液配方为200mg/L CaCl₂ 700mg/L硼酸 175g/L蔗糖；并且三种染色法都不适合测定观赏海棠花粉生活力。

关键词：观赏海棠；花粉；生活力；测定方法

Studies on Culture Conditions Choice of Ornamental Crabapple Pollen

ABSTRACT

Ornamental crabapple is a kind of view of both flowers, foliage, fruit varieties of extremely high ornamental value, with the improvement of people's living standard, city construction, landscaping and the growing demand, for this situation, the study of Ornamental crabapple has practical significance.

With different varieties of crabapples as test material, including M. ‘Weeping Madonna’, M. ‘Prairifire’ and M. ‘Adams’. Ornamental crabapple pollen studies in vitro culture conditions, the culture medium Ca² , boric acid, the germination rate of sucrose. And compare three different staining effect on the determination of pollen viability crabapple. In order to choose the optimum culture condition, provides the theory basis for worked for cross breeding of crabapple, provide theoretical basis for the breeding of new varieties of crabapple.

The results showed that pollen germination rate of different varieties of crabapple was obviously vary, and M. ‘Adams’ pollen viability is much higher than M. ‘Weeping Madonna’ and M. ‘Prairifire’; The best medium that was advantageous to M. ‘Weeping Madonna’ pollen germination was as follows: 400 mg/L CaCl₂ 100 mg/L boric acid 75 g/L sugar; The results showed the best culture medium which was advantageous to M. ‘Adams’ and M. ‘Prairifire’ pollen germination was 200 mg/L CaCl₂ 700 mg/L boric acid 175 g/L sugar; And three kinds of staining method determination of are not suitable for Ornamental Crabapples pollen viability.

Key words: Ornamental crabapple; Pollen; Viability; Determination method

目 录

1 前言………………………………………………………………………...………….……….1

1.1 课题研究目的及意义……………………………………………………………...….......1

1.2 海棠的生物学特性及价值………………………………………………………………...1

1.3 观赏海棠的研究现状……………………………………………………................... .......2

1.3.1海棠分类学研究进展……………………………………………………………….2

1.3.2海棠开花进程中色素成分动态变化……………………………………………….2

1.3.3海棠花香气物质研究进展………………………………………………………….3

1.3.4海棠花粉形态研究进展…………………………………………………………….3

1.4 花粉活动力影响因素的研究……………………………………………...........................3

1.4.1花粉生活力的影响因素…………….......………………..........................................3

1.4.2 花粉生活力鉴定方法…………………………………………................................4

1.5 花粉研究的意义………………………………………………….....................................4

2 试验材料与方法……………….............…………………………………………………….....5

2.1 试验材料…………………………...................…………………………………………....5

2.1.1 试验材料采集地概况................................................................................................5

2.1.2 试验材料与器材........................................................................................................5

2.2 花粉生活力测定…………………………………………………………………...............5

2.2.1 离体萌发试验法………………………………………………………………........5

2.2.1花粉染色试验…………………………………………………………………….....6

3 结果与分析..................................................................................................................................9

3.1花粉的离体培养....................................................................................................................9

3.1.1垂枝麦当娜花粉离体萌发试验................................................................................11

3.1.2高原红花粉离体萌发试验........................................................................................12

3.1.3亚当花粉离体萌发试验...................... .....................................................................13

3.1.4三个观赏海棠品种正交试验结果比较.................. .................................................14

3.2花粉染色试验.......................................................................................................................16

4 主要结论.....................................................................................................................................17

致谢.................................................................................................................................................18

参考文献.........................................................................................................................................19