摘 要

杉木是我国南方重要的造林树种之一。对于区分不同优良杉木类型，树形是较为重要的一个标志。本文以福建省南平市顺昌县洋口国有林场第四代杉木种质资源库为研究目标，以杉木的干形（树高和胸径）与冠形（冠幅）为目标性状，对杉木的树形特征进行分析，结果表明：（1）通过聚类分析将整体数据集分为4类，分析为高瘦型、高胖型、矮瘦型和矮胖型；（2）经方差分析，4个类别在树高、胸径和冠幅上的P值均lt;0.01，说明不同嫁接无性系间均存在极显著的差异；（3）群体中树高、胸径、冠幅的平均值分别为396.85cm、19.83cm、224.16cm，变异系数为18％、20％、24％。从数据可看出三者变异系数总体都不是很大，其中树高最小，冠幅最大，说明冠幅在生长过程中最易受到环境影响；（4）树高与胸径相关系数为0.26，树高与冠幅为0.08，胸径和冠幅则是0.12，结果表明三者分别两两相关。根据以上分析认为并非长得高大的杉木冠幅才宽大，多数矮小一些的杉木冠幅也是比较宽大的。通过该研究可以为将来交配设计的亲本选配和种质资源的保存与利用提供理论依据。

关键词：杉木；精选树；树形特征；表型相关

Analysis of Tree Characteristics of Grafted Clones of Cunninghamia lanceolata

Abstract

Cunninghamia lanceolata is one of the important afforestation species in southern China. Tree shape is a more important indicator for distinguishing different types of fine fir. This paper takes the fourth generation Cunninghamia lanceolata germplasm resource bank of Yangkou State-owned Forest Farm in Shunchang County, Nanping City, Fujian Province as the research goal, and takes the dry shape (tree height and DBH) and crown shape (crown width) of Cunninghamia lanceolata as the target traits. The tree characteristics were analyzed. The results showed that: (1) The overall data set was divided into 4 categories by cluster analysis, and the analysis was high-thin, high-fat, short-thin and short-skinned;(2) analysis by variance, The P values ​​of tree height, DBH and crown width of the four categories were all lt;0.01, indicating that there were significant differences among different grafting clones; (3) The average values ​​of tree height, DBH and crown width were 396.85. Cm, 19.83 cm, 224.16 cm, coefficient of variation is 18%, 20%, 24%. It can be seen from the data that the coefficient of variation of the three is not very large, among which the tree height is the smallest and the crown width is the largest, indicating that the crown width is most susceptible to growth during the growth process; (4) the correlation coefficient between tree height and DBH is 0.26, and the tree height is high. With a crown of 0.08 and a DBH and a crown of 0.12, the results indicate that the three are related in pairs. According to the above analysis, it is considered that the crown of Cunninghamia lanceolata, which is not tall, is wide, and most of the short fir crowns are relatively large. This study can provide a theoretical basis for the selection and distribution of parental maturity and germplasm resources for future mating designs.

Key words: Cunninghamia lanceolata；Featured tree；Tree feature；Phenotypic correlation

目 录

前言 5

材料与方法 7

2.1试验地概况 7

2.2试验材料 7

2.3性状度量和统计分析方法 8

2.3.1性状度量方法 8

2.3.2统计分析方法 8

2.4数据分析 9

结果与分析 10

3.1杉木生长性状正态性检验 10

3.2杉木树高、胸径与冠幅聚类分析 12

3.3杉木树高、胸径与冠幅方差分析 13

3.4杉木树高、胸径与冠幅变异系数分析 13

3.5杉木树高、胸径与冠幅相关系数分析 14

讨论 16

致谢 17

参考文献 18

前言

杉木Cunninghamia lanceolata (Lamb.) Hook主要产于中国，是中国长江流域、秦岭以南地区栽培最广、生长快、经济价值高的用材树种。栽培区北起秦岭^[10]南坡、河南桐柏山、安徽大别山、江苏句容、宜兴，南至广东信宜、广西玉林、龙津、云南广南、麻栗坡、屏边、昆明、会泽、大理，东自江苏南部、浙江、福建北部、西部山区，西至四川大渡河流域（泸定磨西面以东地区）及西南部安宁河流域。该树在土层肥厚，气候温暖多雨，排水良好的山地或河堤均生长迅速。因此长久以来杉木都是专家学者们最主要的研究对象之一。

杉木为常绿乔木，高达30m，胸径可达2.5~3m；幼树树冠尖塔形，大树树冠圆锥形，树外皮灰褐色，内皮淡红棕色，裂成长条片脱落，内皮淡红色；大枝平展，枝端下垂，小枝近对生或轮生，常成二列状，幼枝绿色，光滑无毛；在老树基部，杉木有时会长出很多垂直向上长的分枝。冬芽近圆形，有小型叶状的芽鳞，花芽圆球形、较大。